F1IS 4660 - Governing Security: Defence Cooperation and Alliances in the 21st Century.

***UPDATED for 2023/24***

As the principles of international order are under stress, security architecture can no longer be characterized by formal bilateral or multilateral agreements. Some countries have adopted anti-alliance rhetoric, while others resort to balancing postures and criticize “bloc logics”. However, operational defence cooperation is thriving, with an increase of military exercises, joint armament programs or strategic dialogues, often in new, minilateral formats. Confronting I.R. theories with concrete examples and mainly looking at the evolution of Europe vis-à-vis NATO, of the Asia-Pacific region and of the US alliance system, the seminar will analyze the structures of today's security order. Concepts such as balance of power, hedging, deterrence but also retrenchment or dilemmas will be defined and put in perspective. The course will tackle recent crisis situations and help students phrase the right questions from several perspectives (policy-making, strategic communication, scholarly analysis) and identify the parameters in countries' decisions as regards defence.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

1. Better appreciate, use and challenge the concepts behind defence diplomacy/ cooperation/ minilateral/ alliance management
2.Achieve refined comprehension of the parameters /trends in contemporary international security issues
3. Understand and be able to present and debate 4 to 6 cases of the recent evolution of the concept of security architecture.
4. Grasp the dynamics between theoretical concepts and actual decisions making/ between policies and strategic communication

PROFESSIONAL SKILLS

1. Integrate foreign security concepts/challenges in structured thinking – connect the different variables (economic, military, political, diplomatic)
2. Understanding decision-making procedures and parameters and make decision/contribute to decision-making under pressure
3. Integrate the strategic communication dimension to the policy/ operational reflection.
4. Write short notes/ make presentations aimed at influencing foreign policy process
5. Research an argument connected to actual crises and participate in a debate.

Marjorie VANBAELINGHEM
Séminaire
English
- In Class Presence: 2 hours a week / 24 hours a semester

- Reading and Preparation for Class: 3 hours a week / 36 hours a semester

- Research and Preparation for Group Work: 2 hours a week / 24 hours a semester

- Research and Writing for Individual Assessments: 2 hours a week / 24 hours a semester

Good knowledge of the main theories in International Relations in the 20th century

Good grasp of/interest in the military affairs/vocabulary

Spring 2023-2024
-1 in-class presentation/briefing (5 to 10 min.) and/or 1 written memo on one specific question / concrete case, from one specific national angle (diplomatic-political perspective - 40% of the grade). The presentation/briefing will deal with a concrete case linked to themes covered by each class. It will be followed by questions from instructor/ fellow students. Those students who will make an oral presentation have to circulate a brief outline (200 words) prior to their presentation. Those students who will choose not to make an oral presentation should hand in a more detailed paper (under the form of a memo, 600-900 words)

. - 1 in-class short test consisting of short questions checking on knowledge/understanding of concepts/ recent events/ facts exposed in the required reading corpus (20% of grade).

- 1 final exam consisting of an in-class 30 minute long debate, which will be a “mock conference panel” on a question put by a moderator (1 student playing moderator, 3 or 4 panelists) on cases covered in classes (academic/thinktank perspective - 30% of the grade). The final exercise will deal with a real-life subject, related to defence cooperation/ alliances participation, commitments and dilemma. Students will be put in groups of 4-6, receive the subject 1 or 2 weeks prior to the class session, then discuss and argue in class, and finally submit a collective paper based on the panel discussion. The grade on this assignment will thus be collective. Further details will be provided with the subject.

- in-class participation (10 %) is also a part of the requirements.

Each class will start by an introduction, a presentation, followed by a discussion and an interactive lecture, except for the classes where the final exam/debate will take place.

Students will receive assessments after each oral/written assignment. Students can always contact the instructor for advice and suggestions.

2. Weitsman Patricia A., Dangerous Alliances: Proponents of Peace, Weapons of War, Stanford University Press, 2004.
1. Walt, Stephen M., The Origin of Alliances, Cornell University Press, 1987.
3. Cha, Victor D., Powerplay : the Origins of the American Alliance System in Asia, Princeton University Press, 2016.
4. Moises Naim, Minilateralism. The magic number to get real international action, Foreign Policy, June 21, 2009.
5. Simon, Meijer, Lanoszka, Nodal Defence : the changing structure of US alliance systems in Europe and East Asia, Journal of Strategic Studies 44 (2) : 1-29, July 2019.
2. Teo, Sarah, Middle powers in Asia Pacific Multilateralism, Bristol Studies, 2023
3. Allès, Fourniol, Multilateralisms and minilateralisms in the Indo-Pacific. Articulations and convergences in a context of saturation of cooperative arrangements, FRS Recherches & Documents, N°08/2023
4. Daniel Fiott, ed., European Sovereignty: Strategy and Interdependence, Chaillot Paper, EUISS, 2021
5. Jan Joel Andersson, « European Defence Partnerships », EUISS Brief, February 2023.
6. Kyle Haynes, « Decline and Devolution : The Sources of Strategic Military Retrenchment », International Studies Quarterly, 59 (3), 2015, p. 490–502.